Family and Church Communities

 I’ve written three previous blog entries about communities and ones that I’ve been involved with. There are two that I haven’t touched on: family and church.

During my thinking about community, the family came up in a number of different ways. With so much mobility in our contemporary world, many parents find their children not close to them. We currently have sons living in New Jersey, Rhode Island and California. Contrast that with my wife’s family where five of her mother’s siblings lived in the same town as she did. Or my parents’ situation where, when they retired, they moved to a town where three of my mother’s siblings were living.

In thinking about family as a community, I think about our situation when our four sons were growing up. Our life, as parents, was focused around our family and our children. Certainly there were times when Pat and I arranged for a baby sitter and went out for dinner. But most of the time, our focus was on our family. Our activities were family activities. Our vacations were family vacations. As our boys got older and started school, we made friends with parents of kids they were in school with. When they started playing sports and got involved in band and theater, we made new friends with parents of kids involved in those activities. Pat and I and our sons formed a small community and the larger communities we were involved in had connections to our family community.

I grew up as an only child. My father left Canada as a teen-ager and most of my relatives on his side of the family are in Canada and I have met few of them. On my mother’s side of the family, I had only 3 cousins, who did not live near us. (One has passed away and the other two now live in California.) My wife, on the other hand, has four siblings who live within two hours of our house in NJ. She stays in close touch with her siblings and through them keeps up with what their kids are up to. Over the last few years, we have gotten together with her siblings and their spouses a couple times a year. I look forward to these get-togethers and sharing a meal and conversation with them. Over the years, there have been regular family gatherings with the larger family (Pat’s siblings and their kids and grandkids). The larger family gatherings give us, our children and grandchildren the opportunity to stay connected to our family community.

The Catholic parish we belonged to for more than 40 years was also an important community for me in a number of ways. Our regular participation at Sunday Mass provided an opportunity to express and deepen my faith in God and Jesus Christ as part of a worship community. Having come of age around the time of the Second Vatican Council, I approached Sunday liturgies as a community experience, not just as an individual worship experience. When I was growing up, attendance at Mass was more of a spectator experience, following along in our English language Missal as the priest, with his back to us, recited the Latin prayers. But Vatican II put the emphasis of the liturgy on the community and spoke of the priesthood of all the faithful, not just the ordained among us.

So I benefitted from the larger community of the parish. But Pat and I also were part of smaller communities within the parish. We were involved in Pre-Cana (marriage preparation for engaged couples) and the Food for the Needy Committee, which organized a Thanksgiving food drive that provided the fixings for Thanksgiving dinner for 400 families. We were also Eucharistic Ministers, so we established connections with others involved in that ministry. I was involved for about 10 years in the parish High School youth group. In each of those activities we established connections with the others involved.  Additionally, when you go to the same Sunday Mass for over 40 years (we almost always attended the 9:30 am or 11 am Mass), you see the same people every week and feel a connection with many of them. Also, when our boys were growing up, the sports teams they played on were teams organized by the parish.

This blog entry is the fourth one I’ve written about community. I’ve described may communities I’ve been involved in: one that involves a reunion with friends I was in minor seminary with; some that I did not actively choose and others I entered into by choice; some that were small and others large; some that were short-term and others long-term. They’ve all helped give my life meaning and a sense of belonging. They’ve provided me with support networks as I dealt with ups and downs in my life. Writing about them has brought back memories of the communities I’ve been involved in during various periods of my life. I’m grateful to all of the people who were part of these communities for their friendship and their support. I trust you have had similar experiences of communities that have supported and sustained you in your life. Be grateful for them!

Communities We Choose

 In a previous blog, I wrote about communities I have been part of where I had no choice about the community, but became part of smaller communities that developed out of the larger ones. In this blog, I want to talk about communities that we choose to be part of.

As I said in previous blogs, I believe that communities give our lives meaning and a sense of belonging. I think they also provide a support network for us as we deal with life’s ups and downs. And, people develop communities our of shared interests.

I think of two communities my parents belonged to because of their choosing. The first consisted of couple other families of French Canadian descent. (My father was born in Canada as were my mother’s parents.) I remember that, when I was a child, my parents would visit regularly with these other families. We also shared holiday meals with one or other of the families. Both families had sons who were the same age as I was. After my parents retired, they moved back to the town in Connecticut where my mother grew up and where some of her siblings still lived. My parents joined the local senior center and for many years attended the Senior Center five days a week and participated in activities, got their lunch there and attended trips organized by the Center. The Senior Center and the friends they made there were a big part of their lives.

My wife, Pat, has written a number of children’s books. For many years, she belonged to a writers’ group based in Bucks County, PA. The group met monthly and she became friends with the members. A smaller group evolved out of the larger group and also met monthly on a different day. Although the groups met to review each others’ writing efforts, they seemed to develop friendships that were based on more than just the writing. The larger group would go out to lunch after their monthly meeting. Even after a number of them stopped writing books, they have continued to get together periodically for lunch. During the pandemic, the smaller group continued spending time with one another over Zoom. Members of both groups continue to keep in contact with and support each other through emails.

As for me, I have belonged to a number of groups/communities of my choosing, including our local Habitat for Humanity affiliate, our town’s Democratic Committee and a couple peace groups located in the Lehigh Valley. I have been involved with the Habitat for Humanity for more than 15 years. I enjoy working with the people involved in actually building the houses and my time with them provides me with really the only group I am physically with on a regular basis at this time. For a number of years, I was involved actively with Catholics for Peace and Lepoco (a peace group started during the Vietnam War and still going strong). For the last few years, I have been involved with the local Democratic Committee. I ran for Town Council five years ago and have been involved campaigning for Democratic candidates for various offices. Each of these gave me a sense of belonging to a group that shared my interests and provided support in my efforts to achieve different goals.

Sometimes we get involved in communities that seem to have a special character or have more significant impact on our lives than most other groups or communities. I can think of two communities in my life for which this was true. When I was 31 years old, I started working at a public residential facility for people with developmental disabilities. The State of New Jersey had just started to participate in a Medicaid program that provided funding to improve services to these individuals. One of the requirements was that interdisciplinary teams had to meet to develop Individual Habilitation Plans (IHPs) for each resident. I was part of a department that would be the leaders of these interdisciplinary teams. Initially there were 9 of us in the department and we were charged with developing procedures and processes for developing these IHPs and monitoring the their implementation. It was a very intense time, we all had desks in a 3 room office suite, met daily to work out the details and even discussed issues during lunch. I believe these things helped forge a strong bond among those involved. The office gradually grew larger but the bonds seem to hold. We would go out for lunch regularly as a group. We celebrated birthdays each month. We had after-work get-togethers for a yearly picnic and other activities such as bowling.

An even more special community for me involved my time at a private residential facility in southern NJ. Again, it was a residential facility for people with developmental disabilities. But the experience did not involve an intense process developing a new program. Rather, it was an immersion into an existing program. The facility had a residential program and a school program for the younger residents and some others who were day students. I worked in the residential program as a houseparent for a group of 8 teenage boys. Many of the residential staff lived on the campus, either in the dorms with the residents or in a couple of staff buildings on the grounds. As houseparents, we ate our meals with our group of residents in a central dining hall. But, we were also able to eat our meals there on our days off, if we chose. During the summer, we took all the residents to a camp in mid-coast Maine. The facility provided housing for all staff who came to the camp. Some staff lived in the cottages with the residents; some lived in staff housing provided on or off the camp grounds; and some chose to rent a place on their own. The camp situation, away from our usual homes and friends, probably forced even more interaction among the staff. I worked at the facility for 8 years and made a number of friends. 

Some of those friends have remained friends even 50 plus years later. Because of our connection to mid-coast Maine, for many years as our sons were growing up, we spent a week in Maine each summer with friends from New Jersey, who had sons around the same age as ours. While in Maine we would get together with two other couples who lived in Maine and had kids around the same age as our boys. All of us had a connection back to the school and the summer camp. We continue to go to Maine and get together with these friends that we made so long ago. We have also traveled with some of them. Over the last couple years we have had Zoom get-togethers with some of them. Although we don’t get together physically very often, I feel a deep connection to this group of friends and consider myself closer to them than to others that I see in person more regularly.

The communities we choose to associate with provide us with a strong sense of belonging and an important support network that celebrates with us in the best of times and holds us together in the worst. Some are short-term and some are long-term; but they all play an important role in our lives.

Truth

 

I recently posted a couple blog entries about Community. I have a couple more to post. But, before I share more thoughts about Community, for a change of pace, here are some thoughts about Truth.

In college I majored in Philosophy. I think my study of Philosophy helped me throughout my life and my career. I learned about how the world works (cosmology), how we learn things (epistemology), how to make good judgements (logic) and how to make moral decisions (ethics). But the foundation of all these studies was truth. If we start with the truth, we can learn and do the right things. In logic, if you start with a faulty (untrue) premise, your conclusion will be wrong. Mahatma Gandhi held Satyagraha, or Truth Force, as the basis of his philosophy and nonviolent actions. Martin Luther King Jr. also believed in its importance in his actions during the Civil Rights Movement. On the other hand, Stephen Colbert, on The Colbert Report, sarcastically based some of his opinions on “truthiness”, rather than truth.

 

Sometimes it’s difficult to know the truth. As with science, our understanding of what is true can change as we learn new information that might require us to change our understanding of what we believe is true. Long ago, people believed that the earth was the center of the universe. Now we know the center is the sun. People used to believe that the earth was flat. Now we know it is round. We have been able to see that from space. But some people have a hard time adjusting their understanding of things based on new information. And some people don’t want to change their understanding. Some people’s understanding of things is based on gut feeling or intuition, instead of facts. Some people don’t want to see things change because it will result in their losing power or control over things or over their lives. There are still, after all, people who believe the earth is flat.

 

So, it’s frustrating to me that there is so much untruth around and how much it is influencing major aspects of our society. The Washington Post claimed that Trump told 30,573 untruths during his presidency. His lies continue to influence people to this day. He is still voicing his belief that the presidency was stolen from him in the 2020 election. This, despite the fact that he lost 61 out of 62 lawsuits that were brought after the election, claiming that the election was stolen. This, despite the fact that many judges who ruled against his claims were appointed to the court by him. This, despite the fact that numerous studies have found no evidence of widespread voter fraud. A recent poll shows that 61% of Republicans believe that Joe Biden did not win the 2020 Presidential race. And the results of Trump’s lies about the election include that more than half the Republicans running for congressional and state offices in the 2022 general election are election deniers (Washington Post).

 

The lies of voter fraud that Trump and his followers keep repeating have the impact of making people believe that there is massive voter fraud and they can’t trust their local and state election officials to accurately count the ballots and report accurate results. This is a basic attack on our democratic system. Many Republican candidates will not commit to accepting the results of their races (unless they win, of course). This is a recipe for disaster.

 

Tucker Carlson’s show on Fox News is the most watched show on cable TV. What he says influences many conservative viewers. He speaks as though he is providing his viewers with facts and the truth about current events. However, in a slander suit brought against Carlson in 2020, Fox lawyers argued that viewers should not literally believe what Carlson is saying, that he is not stating actual facts and that he employs exaggeration. And the judge (appointed by Donald Trump) bought the argument and dismissed the suit.

 

The question of truthfulness and making decisions based on facts has even reached the Supreme Court. In the recent Dobbs decision, which reversed Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court’s decision was based on the historical prohibition of abortion, going back centuries. However, a number of historical associations claimed that the history cited in the decision was incorrect. (Additional information here.) It has also been reported that, in the case of a Washington state high school football coach who led a prayer on the field after games, Justice Gorsuch’s majority opinion got a lot of facts about the case wrong. In her dissent, Justice Sotomayor raised this very issue.

 

We need our politicians to make their decisions and policies based on the facts as best we know them. We need politicians and voters to support the integrity of our voting system and pledge to abide by the certified results of our elections. News outlets and journalists frequently try to present both sides of an issue as legitimate (Republican and Democratic, conservative and liberal) without regard to the known facts or truthfulness of each side’s positions. They need to be more critical of the positions they report, presenting the known facts related to the positions taken. 

 

During the campaigns for the current mid-term elections, Republicans have claimed that Democrats have caused an increase in crime. But data shows that crime has increased equally in red and blue states. And the truth is that the murder rate (number of murders per 100,000 people) is greater in Republican than in Democratic states. Republicans claim that Democrats are responsible for the recent increase in inflation. But the truth is that a rise in inflation is a problem around the world, caused by supply-chain problems following the pandemic, disruption to food and energy production caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, increased corporate profit margins and other factors. Republicans claim they are better guardians of the economy than Democrats. The truth is that Republicans’ belief that giving tax cuts to the wealthy to stimulate the economy (supply-side economics) has never worked and the economy does better when Democrats are in control.

 

Last week Nancy Pelosi’s husband was beaten in their California home by a man who broke in and was arrested by the police in the home. Afterward right-wing personalities promoted misinformation and falsehoods about the attack. This is reminiscent of Alex Jones denying that the Sandy Hook shootings actually occurred. Former president Trump shared these lies with his followers on Truth Social.

 

This week President Biden gave a speech about democracy, in which he pointed out that the lies about the 2020 election have led to violence (such as the attack on Paul Pelosi). He urged Americans to “confront those lies with the truth.” There is certainly a place for disagreements between political opponents and between political parties. But those disagreements should be handled with civility and respect, not with violence. We need to bring back respect for the truth. If we do not, we only have more divisiveness and violence to look forward to. And that's the truth!

 

 

We Don't Always Choose Our Communities

In my last blog entry, I wrote about a group of former seminary classmates with whom I have been doing Zoom get-togethers for the last two and a half years. In writing about this experience, I came to believe that what kept a small group of 10 to 12 of us coming back each week was that we had developed a community. That led me to think about other communities I had been a part of during my lifetime.

Some of the characteristics of communities are that they can be small or large, based on geography or social interests, short-term or long-term in duration, chosen or imposed. I wrote in my last blog entry that communities give our lives meaning and a sense of belonging. I think they also provide a support network for us as we deal with life’s ups and downs.

While we choose some communities because of things we have in common with others, there are many times that we end up in a community because of circumstances in which we find ourselves. Once we are in that community, we will most likely find that we have shared interests with some members of that community and may form a smaller community with those individuals.

For example, I attended Catholic school from kindergarten through 8th Grade. Although my parents chose where we would live, they did not choose my school. I attended the closest Catholic school. We moved to Somerville (NJ) when I was 10 and from 5th to 8th grade I attended a Catholic school where there was one class in each grade. We had a different teacher each year but I was with the same students for all four years. I was good friends with some of them, played with others at recess and kept in touch with some after we graduated from 8th grade. I felt a connection with all my classmates but had stronger ties to some than to others.

After graduating from 8th grade, i went to a Catholic minor seminary near Baltimore for high school and 2 years of college, assigned there by my bishop.  In my freshman year of high school, there were over 100 students in my class. Plus there were five other grades. We lived at the seminary for the school year in a very regimented situation. Bells rang throughout the day to direct us to the next activity. We all ate breakfast, lunch and dinner in a common dining hall at our assigned tables with 7 other students. All of us in the seminary (students and faculty) belonged to a fairly large community. But there were also smaller communities within the larger one. Each grade formed a community, to some extent. Again, we had no choice there. As in any school, smaller groups formed, based on interests. Think about jocks, nerds, band kids, etc., in any high school. We had the additional circumstance of living together through the school year. We may have had assigned seats in the dining hall, but after dinner we were hanging out with the friends who belonged to our smaller community.

After six years in the minor seminary, I was assigned by the bishop of our diocese to attend a major seminary on the campus of St. Bonaventure University. Again, a larger community not of my choosing. We seminarians lived at the seminary but during our junior year of college we took classes three mornings a week at the University, with other college students.This seminary was a little more open than the minor seminary, especially with our attending classes with the University students. Given the opportunity to interact with these non-seminary students, we established friendships with some of them. So, I was essentially living in two communities - one very structured (the seminary), the other more open (the University).

Just before Thanksgiving of my first year at this new seminary, I realized that I did not want to continue with my seminary studies. I remained in the seminary for the rest of the school year, but applied to the University for admission for my senior year. I had left the very structured setting of the minor seminary community for the structured but more open major seminary community. Now I was about to move into a very unstructured University community. Fortunately, some friends I made at the University during my junior year became my support network as I dealt with this transition. I ate most meals with them in the large University dining hall and spent a lot of time with them when I was not studying. They were a smaller community of people with shared interests who supported me (and hopefully I supported them as well). A few of them I remain in contact with to this day.

One of the things that strikes me about the communities I’ve described here is that we frequently end up in communities that are not of our choosing. But, within those communities, we seek out smaller communities of people with whom we share common interests and who provide us with a support network. i did not choose my elementary school, minor seminary, major seminary or university communities. In each of these situations, I was part of a larger community but also, within that community, was able to join smaller communities of people with whom I shared similar interests. Both the larger and smaller communities provided me with a sense of belonging and a support network, but in different ways. Can you think of larger and smaller communities you’ve been a part of in your life?

Connecting With Old Friends During The Pandemic

It's been quite a while since I've posted on this blog space. But the spirit has moved me. So, here goes.

 For almost the last two and a half years I have been Zooming with a number of men that I went to school with for high school and two years of college (in a Catholic minor seminary). Not all of us were there for the full six years. Some came to this particular seminary after high school. Others left before the full six years.

The group was started by one of our classmates, near the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. My recollection is that he reached out to his classmates because he was feeling the need to connect with others after spending some time at the start of the pandemic isolating at home. He reached out to some whose emails he had and solicited the emails of other classmates from them.

The group started out as a social gathering, with people sharing information about what they had been doing over the past 50 some years (careers, families, grandchildren, etc.). After a while, someone in the group asked if any other participants would be interested in doing a book club on Zoom. A number of people were interested and our book club began. Having all been in the seminary and many of us having continued our interest in religion, we started reading books with a religious/spiritual orientation. (Some of the books we have read have not been religion-oriented but most have.) After another period of time, someone asked whether anyone would be interested in having a non-religious focused discussion group. Again, a number of people were interested. So a second off-shoot group began. We decided that each week one of us would pick a topic and lead the discussion. Usually the person leading the discussion will send out material ahead of time. This usually consists of articles and videos that can be accessed on the internet. The “secular” discussion group starts at 4:30 most Wednesdays, with the book club following at 5:30. Most of the 10-12 men involved participate in both groups, although some have other commitments that allow them to participate in only one. Also, on any given week, there will be some who are not able to attend because of other commitments. A social group Zoom get-together continues to be held on Thursday evenings.

As expected, this group of men who attended a minor seminary near Baltimore, MD, have spread out over the years to many parts of the country. Our leader, who started the group, lives in North Carolina. The others who regularly participate in the discussion group and book club live in disparate locations, including Maryland, Georgia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Texas, Oklahoma, California, Alaska and Guam. Also, as expected, the participants have had diverse careers. Of the individuals who have participated in all three groups, there are a number of priests (most are retired); there are some who were ordained and have left active ministry to pursue other careers. Of those who left active ministry or were not ordained, the careers involved working in the fields of law, psychology, counseling, education, civil service, (state and federal), mental health, hospice care, hospital administration and marine biology.

When we first started our Zoom get-togethers, what we shared was our common minor seminary experience. That was a starting point. Towards the beginning, after the group gained some momentum, there were a larger number of participants than we now have in our discussion group and book club. Some participated early on and then stopped. Some join the social get-together periodically. The current participants in the discussion group and book club have mostly been attending consistently for the last two and a half years. i think it’s that on-going getting together almost every week for an extended period of time that has brought us closer together. People in those two groups have frequently commented about how important these get-togethers have become for them and how grateful they are for the relationships that have developed through these sessions.

I’ve been thinking about why this group developed and what keeps people coming back week after week. Although we all shared the common experience of the minor seminary, we’ve had different careers and experiences since then. We seem to share a similar progressive philosophy toward political and spiritual matters. (Some might dispute my labeling their philosophy as progressive.) But there are a lot of differing opinions within that general framework. A number of people have expressed that the group offers them the opportunity to talk about serious topics with others. They do not have situations within their regular everyday lives to do that. My experience is that, despite the differences of opinion people in the group may have, we treat each other with dignity and respect and are willing to listen to opinions we may not agree with.

After thinking about this a lot, I’ve come to the conclusion that the best way to describe this group and it’s reason for existing and continuing is “community”. The Merriam Webster Dictionary defines “community” as a unified body of individuals; such as: the people with common interests living in a particular area; a group of people with a common characteristic or interest living together within a larger society; a body of persons of common and especially professional interests scattered through a larger society; a body of persons or nations having a common history or common social, economic, and political concerns. As I thought about community, I thought about the various communities I have been a part of during my lifetime. A community can be a group of people living in a specific geographical area. But, I think a more significant meaning of the word involves a group of people who share common interests and who support each other in their lives and their endeavors. Sometimes these communities last for many years. Sometimes they are more short-term. But, whether they are long-term or short-term, they help give our lives meaning and a sense of belonging. That is the sense that I have about the larger group that shares things through emails and the groups that get together weekly on Zoom. We have shared our life-experiences, our thoughts about spirituality and politics, our condolences for losses members have experienced, our concerns and support about illnesses or surgeries, our congratulations for good things happening in others’ lives, etc. Thankfully, because of technology such as Zoom and email, we don’t have to be physically in the same location to do this. Here’s to “community”!

PS - In my next blog entry, I’ll talk more about communities I’ve been involved with during my lifetime.

New Year's Eve in Belfast Maine

New Year's is frequently a time of reflection for people. For many, it's a time to make New Year's resolutions. There was a time in my life when I would spend the day before New Year's Day reading books that encouraged reflection. Many times they were spiritual books. It's been a while since I did that.

This year, my wife Pat and I spent New Year's Eve in Maine with some friends. As we've done on a couple previous New Year's Eves, we attended the New Year's By the Bay celebration in Belfast, Maine. There were many performers in a variety of venues. Most are from Maine. We saw four different performers. Our favorites were The Gawler Family and Hawk Henries. They were relevant acts for the NewYear for different reasons.

We've seen The Gawler Family perform before and always enjoy their performances. The thing that struck me most during this year's performance was how much fun they seemed to be having. They clearly enjoyed what they were doing and enjoyed the people they were performing with. There was a lot of looking at each other and smiling. They also seemed to enjoy their audience. There were a few songs where the audience got to participate and the Gawler Family seemed to be energized by the audience participation. It was a rousing performance, with people dancing in aisles during the last instrumental song.

The Gawler Family band includes the father and mother, three daughters and a son-in-law. I had a difficult time finding a video of the entire Gawler family that I thought presented well what they do. So, I'm adding two links here: one of the parents performing with two of the daughters; and one of the 3 sisters performing.

Hawk Henries' performance was a completely different experience. Hawk Henries is a Native American flute maker and player from Maine. His performance involved him talking about the flutes he would play and instrumental performances of those flutes. For me, listening to the flutes provided a meditative experience. It was easy to close my eyes and let the soft, mellow music just float through my body. Here's an example of his music.

So, two very different types of performances. But they were both significant to me as New Year's experiences. The Gawler Family performance provided a joyful experience of interpersonal relationships. For the coming year, I pray that all people can learn to interact with each other in a respectful and joyful way, that will lead to a more loving and peaceful world. Hawk Henries' performance points more toward an inner experience of peace. There is so much going on in our world. We can become so fascinated by technology, so much involved in our work and family activities that we don't take the time to sit quietly and give ourselves some time away from the hustle and bustle. I also pray we can all allow ourselves the "luxury" of this quiet time and that it will fortify us and help us build a solid inner core, so we can more easily deal with the rest of what comes at us in life.

Happy New Year!

The Trump Election

I was in a daze the day after Donald Trump won the 2016 election for President of the United States. How could this have happened? Hillary Clinton was ahead in virtually all the polls. I’ve read and listened to many analyses of what happened. I’m sure the analyzing will go on for many more years. Here’s my take on what happened.

I think Donald Trump won the electoral college vote because of convergence of a number of different groups voting for him. Initially I thought of using the word “coalition” instead of “convergence’. But I decided to not use that term because I don’t think he established a coalition. I think different groups decided to vote for him for their own particular reasons and the sum of all these groups together brought him enough votes to win the election. One group included white nationalists, Americans who believe we should be a nation controlled by white men. These people cheered his condemnation of Mexican immigrants, his call for a ban on Muslim immigration, his promise to deport all illegal immigrants, and his denunciation of a judge of Mexican descent as not able to be objective in hearing a lawsuit against Trump.

Another group that supported him are white evangelical Christians. More than 80% of those who voted from this group went for Trump. You would think that the many things that came out during the campaign about his crude language and behavior would have led to them rejecting Trump. But, apparently, his pro-life position and his pledge to appoint only pro-life justices to the Supreme Court trumped all the rest (pun intended).

Trump also got the votes of the die-hard Republican voters. He got the endorsements of many Republican elected officials, even those he disparaged and told lies about (e.g., Ted Cruz and Paul Ryan).

Finally, he got the votes of many working class Americans who believe the system is not working for them. These folks came out in big numbers to give Trump wins in states like Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania. In some of these states, Republicans had not won the popular vote for President in many years. In many states, working class people who don’t usually vote came out and voted for Trump. He hit the right chord with these folks. He called for change and this was very appealing for working class people whose real wages have gone down considerably over the past few decades. For some, their wages have gone down because manufacturing jobs, which paid good money, have now been replaced by service jobs with much lower wages. For some, the issue goes beyond the replacement of high-paying jobs with low-paying jobs.

In the September/October issue of Mother Jones magazine, Arlie Russell Hochschild wrote an article about Donald Trump’s appeal to working class voters. Hochschild’s article is based on interviewing and spending time with 60 people in Louisiana over a period of 5 years, in an attempt to understand supporters of the tea party. One paragraph struck me as providing a good insight into his appeal.

She says that the “deep story of the right goes like this: You are patiently standing in the middle of a long line stretching toward the horizon, where the American Dream awaits. But as you wait, you see people cutting in line ahead of you. Many of these line-cutters are black – beneficiaries of affirmative action or welfare. Some are career-driven women pushing into jobs they never had before. Then you see immigrants, Mexicans, Somalis, the Syrian refugees yet to come. As you wait in this unmoving line, you’re being asked to feel sorry for them all. You have a good heart. But who is deciding who you should feel compassion for? Then you see Barack Hussein Obama waving the line-cutters forward. He’s on their side. In fact, isn’t he a line-cutter too? How did this fatherless black guy pay for Harvard? As you wait your turn, Obama is using money in your pocket to help the line-cutters. He and his liberal backers have removed the shame from taking. The government has become an instrument for redistributing your money to the undeserving. It’s not your government anymore; it’s theirs.” Hochschild says she checked this story with the people she interviewed for her article and they agreed it was their story.

You may read the description above and say that it’s not an accurate portrayal of what’s going on in America. Whether it is or not, it’s an accurate description of how some Americans see their situation. We can’t just dismiss it out-of-hand. We have to acknowledge it. The failure to recognize what’s happening to the working class and lower middle class may be what caused Clinton to lose the election.

Here are some additional thoughts about the election:

American voters wanted a change. Hillary Clinton got almost 17 million votes during the Democratic primaries. Donald Trump got over 14 million votes in the Republican primaries. He beat out 16 other candidates (mostly career politicians). But we should not forget that Bernie Sanders also got more than 13 million votes in the Democratic primaries – these were also votes for change. In the general election, Clinton was seen as supporting the political status quo; while Trump was seen as an outsider and an advocate for major change in Washington. During the primaries, polls generally showed Bernie Sanders doing better against Trump than Clinton against Trump. We’ll never know whether he would have beaten Trump. But I believe his outsider/change message would have appealed to many of the working-class voters who went for Trump.

Also, Donald Trump lied. At times, he said one thing and then later said the opposite. At other times, he asserted things that were contradicted by facts (e.g., that President Obama was not born in the United States, that Ford was taking jobs from the US and sending them to Mexico, that the murder rate in our big cities has increased). He frequently denied that he said certain things that audio or video tapes could prove that he had indeed said. My wife, Pat, read an interesting analysis of this. The author believed that Donald Trump was not concerned with whether the things he said were true or false. The most important thing to him is winning. He emphasized during his campaigns that he is a winner and would make America a winner (we would win so much that we will get bored of winning). Thus, he said things he believed would help him win. Truth or falsehood was beside the point. Based on what I saw and read during the primary and general election campaigns, I think this is a pretty good analysis of how Trump operates. And now that he has won he is moderating many positions that probably played a big part in convincing people to vote for him (e.g., a special prosecutor to investigate Hillary, repealing Obamacare).

We also cannot overlook the voter suppression effort that Republicans have engaged in over the past half-decade. Under the guise of fighting voter fraud, Republican legislatures in a large number of states have enacted laws that have made it more difficult for traditionally Democratic voters to cast their votes. One Pennsylvania legislator admitted on camera that the purpose of that state’s voting fraud law was to help Republicans win elections. In Alabama, the new law required a voter ID. The state then closed more than 30 Motor Vehicle offices (where the IDs could be obtained) mostly in rural, majority-black counties. In Wisconsin, a federal judge ordered the state to provide voter ID to applicants within 6 days of receiving the appropriate documentation. But Motor Vehicle agencies in the state did not comply with the order. These voter ID laws were enacted despite the fact that actual fraud at the voting place is almost non-existent. A study by Prof. Justin Levitt at Loyola University found that from 2000 to 2014 there were only 31 instances of voter impersonation fraud out of one billion votes. The Nation magazine described voter suppression as the most under-reported story of 2016. Ari Berman’s article describes the results of these voter ID laws.

OK. We have to face facts. Donald Trump won the election. He didn’t get the most votes in the general election. But he did get the most electoral college votes. And that’s the way our system currently works. We have to live with him being our president for the next four years.

I have two take-aways from this election. One, there are a lot of people who are saying and writing that we have to give him a chance, we have to wait and see how he will govern. I agree with that. But, I also believe that we have to be vigilant. We can’t allow him and the Republican Congress to enact laws that violate human rights, foster discrimination, or violate the Constitution and say “Let’s wait to see how these laws play out.” We need to act quickly if these things occur and make our voices heard through letter writing, protests, etc. Two, the Democratic party abandoned the working class, which used to provide the base of its support. Bernie Sanders recognized this and there are other prominent Democratic politicians who also understand it (e.g., Elizabeth Warren, Al Franken, Keith Ellison). The Democratic party has given lip-service to addressing the plight of the working class; but it has not translated into meaningful action. In order to win future elections, the Democrats must return to their roots.

Money in American Politics

In 2014, the website The Hill reported on a study done by Martin Gilens and BenjaminPage, titled “Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups and Average Citizens”. The Hill began its reporting with: “A shattering new study by two political science professors has found that ordinary Americans have virtually no impact whatsoever on the making of national policy in our country. The analysts found that rich individuals and business-controlled interest groups largely shape policy outcomes in the United States.”

I recently read Dark Money by Jane Mayer. Her book provides a very detailed picture of how a small number of wealthy individuals and families has gained undue influence over our political system and our election process.

When I began the book, I expected that it would mostly focus on Charles and David Koch (co-owners of Koch Industries) whose combined wealth is estimated to be over $80 billion. A Center for Responsive Politics report stated that in 2012 Koch PACs spent $4.9 million in disclosed contributions and $407 million in undisclosed contributions (dark money). But Mayer doesn’t focus only on the Kochs. Her book chronicles many other wealthy individuals, foundations and corporations that have used their enormous resources to influence American politics.

Although Mayer describes a number of wealthy individuals and groups that have exerted influence over the past 50 years, currently the most significant wealthy individuals who have exerted influence over the political process are Charles and David Koch. Let’s look at them first. In 1980, David Koch ran for Vice-President of the United States on the Libertarian ticket. The Libertarian platform called for abolition of the following: campaign finance laws, all government health care programs (including Medicaid and Medicare), Social Security, all income and corporate taxes (including capital gains tax), the Securities and Exchange Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, laws impeding employment (i.e., minimum wage and child labor laws), public schools and compulsory education of children, the Food and Drug Administration, the Occupation Safety and Health Administration, and all forms of welfare for the poor. The Libertarian slate got 1% of the popular vote that year. Despite the popularity of many of these ideas among some Republicans today, in 1980 they were far from the mainstream ideas of the Republican party.

After the resounding defeat of Libertarian Party ideas, David Koch and his older brother, Charles, decided that running for office was not an effective strategy. Instead they embarked on an effort to bring about support for the ideas behind the Libertarian Party’s platform. They did this by funding conservative think tanks (e.g., the Cato Institute and Heritage Foundation), which produced studies to support their ideas. These studies sometimes did not rely on scientific and factual evidence (e.g., denial of climate change). They funded programs in colleges and universities, that were designed to foster free-market and anti-regulatory economics (e.g., the Mercatus Center and Institute for Human Studies at George Mason University).

The Koch brothers influence in this process is due less to their own donations (though they are substantial) than to their coordination of the donations of a large group of wealthy individuals, foundations and corporations. To advance their agenda, the Koch brothers sponsor twice-yearly meetings with potential donors to their conservative causes. The first donor summit in 2003 was attended by only 15 people. But, after Barak Obama’s election in 2008, the summits began to attract many more wealthy donors. Because of the secrecy enforced by the Kochs, the names of people who attended these summits are mostly unknown. The secrecy of the summits reflects the secrecy of the Koch donor network and of donations made by the Koch brothers themselves. Many donations are made to organizations that do not have to reveal the source of the donations. These organizations then donate to other organizations that may have to disclose their donors; but the disclosure only reveals the name of the organization they received the donations from. The original donors' identities remain a secret.

In Dark Money, Mayer traces the influence of money on politics back to the Scaife Family Charitable Trust. Richard Scaife, whose money came from his mother, a member of the Mellon family, was the largest funder of the Heritage Foundation from 1975 to 1985. Mayer points out that, along with other wealthy individuals, Scaife was reacting to a situation many corporations found themselves in during the 1960’s and 1970’s, following the “birth of the environmental and consumer movements”. Later, Scaife also funded the launching of ALEC (the American Legislative Exchange Council), which has helped spread the conservative legislative agenda throughout state legislatures.

Mayer reports on many other wealthy individuals who have poured money into American politics. In many instances, it appears that their motivation is to influence the oversight of their business operations by the government and resulting fines. Mayer reports that the Olin Corporation was involved in controversial environmental practices involving the production of DDT and the dumping of mercury into the Niagra River in New York State. In an effort to influence government policies affecting corporations, the Olin Foundation funded the establishment of Law and Economics courses in law schools. These courses stressed “the need to analyze laws, including government regulations, not just for fairness but also for their economic impact.” The courses were a back-door way to get conservative principles into the law school curriculum. The Olin Foundation provided 83% of the funds to support this effort from 1985 to 1989.

Some of other examples Mayer describes include: the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, which drove the early “school choice” efforts; Randy Kendrick, who led the fight against Obamacare; the DeVos family (of Amway fame), which funded efforts to undo campaign finance laws; and Art Pope of North Carolina who, with $2.2 million spent on 2010 state races by his family and groups backed by him, helped turn North Carolina into a state dominated by the Republican party.

The influence of big money over our political system was given a big boost by the Supreme Court Citizens United decision in 2010. For the 2010 elections, Americans for Prosperity (a Koch brothers' organization) pledged to spend at least $200 million, American Crossroads (a Karl Rove group) $52 million and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce $75 million. The focus of this money is to influence politicians to look favorably on the interests of big business and limit the government oversight of companies and corporations that, for the most part, if left to their own devices, will put corporate profits over the welfare of the American people. What influence can the average American have, compared to wealthy individuals and large corporations? One answer, of course, is that we can have greater influence if we join together. Remember the large amount of money that Bernie Sanders was able to raise for his Presidential campaign, with an average donation of $27 from individual donors?

In Dark Money, Jane Mayer documents the influence of dark money and of wealthy individuals and corporations on our politics. She does not offer recommendations to resolve the decreasing influence of average Americans on government policies. But, her comprehensive description of the problem we average Americans face provides a valuable contribution to our knowledge of how much the deck is stacked against us.

Changes in the Catholic Church since the 1960's

A lot of changes took place in the Church as a result of the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II). I’ve written about Mass being celebrated in the language spoken by the people attending it, rather than in Latin, and the altar being moved so the priest was facing the people instead of having his back to them. But these were only a small part of the changes. There was an emphasis on making the Church more relevant to the people. There was less emphasis on following the rules and more emphasis on understanding God’s love for us and bringing God’s love into the world. There was an increased emphasis on caring for God’s children who live in poverty, or are hurting or disabled. There was involvement in the Civil Rights movement and ministering to those living in the inner cities and poor rural areas of our country. I’ve written before about Fr. Brian McCormick and his ministry to the Wilbur section of inner-city Trenton (see my July 16, 2012 blog). I think his ministry there was very symbolic of the changes in the Church begun by Vatican II.

However, even soon after Vatican II some in the Church wanted to roll back the changes being made. During the papacies of John Paul II and Benedict XVI, there was a big focus on orthodoxy and compliance with the doctrine of the Church as interpreted by the Pope. There was an investigation into the practices of American nuns who saw their mission as ministering to the poor and needy. Fortunately, in my opinion, we now have a Pope whose focus is more on the pastoral care of Catholics (and people in general) and less on adherence to doctrine.

Often, the focus of the Church hierarchy is demonstrated through seemingly small actions, that are symbolic of the vision of the faith that they are pushing. For example, during the papacy of Benedict, there was a change in the translation of prayers used in the Mass that was ostensibly to make them more in line with the actual wording of the prayers in Latin. However, one of the results was to remove language that was simpler and easier to understand and replace it with language that most people will find less understandable and harder to relate to. For example, during the Creed at Mass, instead of being “born” Jesus is now “incarnate” of the Virgin Mary; instead of “one in being with the Father” he is “consubstantial with the Father”.

In Practicing Catholic, James Carroll writes about how, in the Church in which he grew up, before Vatican II, a main theme was our unworthiness as human beings (“Domine non sume dignus”; “Lord, I am not worthy”). With Vatican II, the focus changed to the love God has for us, that we are all his children. We see this with  Pope Francis and his emphasis on Mercy. But some prayers at Mass focus more on our sinfulness than God’s love and mercy. At the beginning of Mass, we pray the Confiteor, which begins “I confess to almighty God …” Until recently we recited “that I have sinned through my own fault, in my thoughts and in my words, in what I have done and what I have failed to do …” This has been changed to the more severe wording “that I have greatly sinned, in my thoughts and in my words, in what I have done and in what I have failed to do, through my fault, through my fault, through my most grievous fault …” The emphasis is back on our unworthiness. Frequently, during this prayer, I think “I haven’t greatly sinned” and it’s not “through my most grievous fault” (emphasis mine). I also think about the seventy and eighty year olds around me and have a hard time picturing them greatly sinning.

Another effect of Vatican II was an emphasis on simplicity. After my six years in the minor seminary at St. Charles College, I would go on to the major seminary (two years of studying Philosophy and then four years of studying Theology). In our minds, moving on to major seminary was a big deal. And there were symbols of this important step. In the minor seminary, we wore jackets and ties to chapel, classes, meals, etc. In the major seminary, we would wear cassocks (with a white surplice added when we went to chapel). During our last year at St. Charles, we would be fitted for and purchase cassocks and surplices. I remember specifically wanting to have a surplice that had a simple design. The one I purchased was made of heavy cotton, with no decorative aspects. I think this idea of simplicity was also reflected in changes to liturgical garments and vessels. Chasubles (outer garment worn by the priest during Mass) started to be made out of less silky-looking material and had a plainer design. Many priests ordained after Vatican II chose chalices (the cup used at Mass) that had a plainer design. I remember some of the chalices of the younger priests having a ceramic outside (gold on the inside) that more resembled a cup.  These newer designs reflected the concept of the priest being a humble servant of the people. Simplicity replaced the more elaborate designs that in earlier days emphasized adoration of a transcendent God. These days, we seem to be moving back to an adoring mode. For example, I’ve noticed that seminarians coming to our parish seem to be wearing surplices with decorative lace designs at the bottom of the sleeves and at the waist.

Here are links to some elaborate and simple styles of chasubles, surplices and chalices to illustrate:

Simple chasuble

Elaborate chasuble

Simple surplice (this is very similar to the surplice I chose for myself)

Elaborate surplice

Simple chalice

Elaborate chalice

I realize that there are those who believe that God is primarily a transcendent God (that is, that God is greater than human beings and our world and therefore our relationship to God should be one of adoration). One way of showing our adoration is to include in our worship services objects of great beauty to reflect how awesome God is. Others (I include myself here) believe that, while God is in fact greater than all we know and can imagine, he became a human being in the person of Jesus Christ, to show God’s love for us and that God’s presence remains among us. Fr. RichardRohr, founder of The Center for Action and Contemplation, has written that “Jesus does not ask us to worship him. He asks us to follow him.”

In many ways the spirit of Vatican II has dissipated over the years. Pope John XXIII emphasized the principle of collegiality (bishops sharing in authority with the Pope). The Second Vatican Council was a shining example of collegiality. But John XXIII died before the end of the Council and was succeeded by Pope Paul VI. In Practicing Catholic, James Carroll writes that Paul VI ordered the Council to not take up the issue of birth control. It would be handled by the Pope. Paul VI later issued an encyclical reaffirming the Church’s prohibition of artificial contraception. The windows opened by John XXIII have been gradually closing. But Pope Francis seems intent on opening them up again. He emphasizes serving the poor. He condemns the lavish lifestyles of some “princes of the Church” and has had showers built in the Vatican for homeless people to use. I was pleased to read an article in “Network Connection” (a publication of Network, a Catholic social justice lobbying group) that included an interview with John Gehring, author of The Francis Effect. In it, he said “I heard from these seminarians that the pope is challenging them to encounter people, to recognize that their most significant challenge is not to preach doctrine, but to attract people to the faith and tap into what he calls the ‘freshness and fragrance of the gospel’. They were touched that he didn’t move into the Apostolic Palace, for example.” He also said that they understood that “their job as seminarians is to learn about the doctrine of the faith, but they see a pastor who is pope challenging them to recognize that the greatest doctrine of the church is good news for the poor and mercy.”

A while ago I received a bookmark from the National Catholic Reporter (NCR) that featured a Pope Francis comic strip (this is a regular feature in NCR). I thought this comic strip provided a good visual representation of the outlooks and focuses of the last few popes.

I am grateful that we have a Pope who is looking forward and is preaching a gospel of love and mercy for all men and women.

Keeping Christ in Christmas

On Saturday December 12, I walked ten miles from Nazareth to Bethlehem (Pennsylvania) with about 135 other people in the 56^th Annual Christmas Peace Pilgrimage. I’m not certain when I started participating in this yearly walk, but I’ve been doing it at least since 2002 (I remember hearing the speaker listed for that year on their website). I have only missed a couple of the walks since that time.  We walk on the shoulder of Route 191 most of the way. Some drivers beep to show their support; others call out positive comments. This year, just before our first rest stop, one driver called out “I hope you’re keeping Christ in Christmas.” I guess, for some people, if they see a large group of people with signs that read “Peace”, they assume those folks must be liberals, radicals, or socialists and most likely atheists. If there had been time, we could have told him that the walk is sponsored by a lot of Christian churches and religious groups; that we stop at three churches along the way to rest and enjoy some refreshments; that we end the walk at the Central Moravian Church in Bethlehem, where we sing a couple Christmas carols. Here’s a picture of the group getting ready to move on from the second rest stop at First Baptist Church, which provided us with hot chocolate.

Every year when I get to the end of the walk my feet, legs and hips are hurting quite a bit and I wonder whether I should do the walk the next year. And as the date approaches for the next walk (2^nd Saturday in December), I wonder if I really want to put my body through that again. But, I always push those thoughts aside and head out for the walk. I do it for 3 reasons. First, more than 100 people walking down Route 191 just before Christmas carrying signs that read “Peace” is a good witness to the Christmas message of “Peace on earth, good will to men [and women]”. It was especially relevant this year with all the political talk about bombing ISIS and refusing entrance to refugees and all the fear being spread by some politicians. Second, as I walk, it is an opportunity to think about the importance of peace in our world and to consider ways that I can help foster that peace. Third, it is an opportunity to get together with others for whom bringing about peace is important. I always see people whom I recognize from previous walks. But there are also people participating for whom this is their first time doing the walk. During this year’s walk, I spoke with people I know and people I had just met. Here’s a link to the Christmas Peace Pilgrimage website. You can see pictures from this year’s walk by clicking on the Gallery link.

On Sunday, my wife Pat and I spent much of the day at the Christmas Market at Assumption Church in Morristown, NJ. This was another good Christmas season event. Pat had been asked by our friends, Sergio and Johanna Burani, to come to sell some of the books she has written. The catch? Vendors were asked to donate 50% of their profits to Africa Surgery. Sergio and Johanna are regular fundraisers for Africa Surgery and all the profits from Photos bySergio go to support Africa Surgery. Pat and I had read information about this charity on its website, so we knew that the organization helps coordinate surgery for children and adults living in Sierra Leone. On the website, we watched the video “The White Man on the Bicycle” about Tom Johnson, the founder. And at the end of the Christmas Market, we had the opportunity to talk with Tom about his organization. Tom had spent time in Sierra Leone as a Peace Corps volunteer. We usually think of Peace Corps volunteers as being right out of college. However, Tom told us he was 38 years old when he joined the Peace Corps. After leaving the Peace Corps, he returned to Sierra Leone a number of years later and at the end of his trip, he left some money to help a couple people obtain surgeries they needed. That was the beginning of a mission that has helped hundreds of people there. Sierra Leone is one of the poorest countries in the world and has been devastated by years of war. Tom showed us pictures of a child with a severe curvature of the spine related to tuberculosis. Untreated, this condition could result in paralysis. But, with the help of Africa Surgery, this young man will be able to lead a pretty normal life. Tom spends most of his year in Morristown, raising money and obtaining supplies for Africa Surgery. But he told us he spends 4 to 5 months a year in Sierra Leone, coordinating resources to provide the needed medical services. In fact, he told us he was leaving within the week to go there. Africa Surgery provides essential services to some very needy individuals. I like the idea of donating to a charity that I have a direct or indirect connection to. At the Christmas Market, Pat donated all of her profits to Africa Surgery. Although the Christmas Market is a relatively small operation, it raised $8000 for Africa Surgery. I encourage you to take a look at Africa Surgery’s website.

It’s now less than a week until Christmas day. We’ve done most of our shopping. Practically all the credit for that goes to Pat, who has spent a lot of time on-line ordering gifts, shopping in stores and wrapping gifts. While giving gifts to our loved ones is an important part of the season, I’m happy to have had the opportunity to spend some time thinking about the more spiritual aspects of Christmas and to be reminded that we are all God’s children and that Jesus came to show God’s love to all of us. Merry Christmas to all.